PART 3 -TUYỂN CHỌN CÁC BÀI E READING & GAPS FILL ( 2011)
1) Read the passage carefully and then choose the correct answers:
Nowadays many products are nearly identical to one another in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one brand instead of another? Although we may not like to admit it, commercials on television and advertisements in newspapers and manaziges probably influence us much more than we think they do.
Advertising informs consumers about new products availalble on the market. It gives us information about everything. However; there is one problem with this. The "information" is actually very often misinformation. It tells us the products benefits but hide their disadvantages. Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we do not need or cannot afford but also confuses our sense of reality.
Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. They get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. Psychologists have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors. Also, certain words attract our attention. For example, the words "new", "improved", "natural", and "giant size" are very popular and seem to draw our eyes and hands toward the package.
Many consumers believe that advertising does not affect them. They feel that they have freedom of choice, and they like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably do not realize the powerful effect of advertising. Every year, advertisers spend billions of dollars inaggressive competition for consumers money and they are very successful.
1. Advertising _______.
a. always tells consumers about the truth of the products
b. always tells consumers about the disadvantages of the products
c. informs consumers about new products available on the market
d. have no effect on consumers selection
2. Advertisers _______.
a. do not like competition
b. are very honest to advertise their products
c. always introduce good product
d. spend a lot of money on advertisements
3. When buying a product, consumers are influenced by _______.
a. colors and words on the package b. the psychologists
c. the competition d. all are correct
4. To many consumers, _______
a. they admit that advertising have affected them
b. they believe that advertising does not affect them
c. they spend billions of dollars for advertising
d. they enjoy advertisements crazily
5. Advertisers have psychologists study _______.
a. consumers` thoughts and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another
b. products` disadvantages
c. aggressive competition
d. money for advertisements
2) Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word
The search (1) _______ alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communi- ties are burning garbage (2) _______other biological waste products to produce electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil (3) _______ also an efficient way to dispose of waste.
Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels (4) _______ coal, oil, shale and coal tars. However that process (5) _______ proved to be expensive. Other experiments that are underway to harness power with giant windmills are also (6) _______ tested.
Some experts expect utility companies to receive hydroelectric power (7) _______ from streams and rivers. Fifty years (8) _______ hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only four percent. The oceans are another potential sources of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides and waves (9) _______ electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use (10) _______ temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy.
3) Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions
Water pollution, contamination of streams, lakes, underground water, bays, or oceans by substances, is harmful to living things.
Water is necessary to life on earth. All organisms contain it; some live in it; some drink it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive if their water is loaded with toxic chemicals or harmful micro-organisms. If severe, water pollution can kill large numbers of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases it may kill all members of a species in an affected area. Pollution makes streams, lakes,. and coastal waters unpleasant to look at, to smell, and to swim in. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters may be unsafe to eat. People who ingest polluted water can become ill, and, with prolonged exposure, may develop cancers or get children with birth defects. The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, or physical materials that degrade, water quality.
Oil and chemicals derived from oil are used for fuel, lubrication, plastics